The journal applies retraction procedures in accordance with COPE recommendations.

Grounds for article retraction

Retraction may be carried out in the following cases:

- identification of significant errors affecting the research results;
- plagiarism or duplicate publication;
- fabrication or falsification of data;
- violation of ethical requirements for conducting research;
- improper attribution of authorship;
- other serious violations of publication ethics.

Initiators of retraction

The retraction procedure may be initiated by:

- the author(s) of the article;
- the Editorial Board;
- the authors’ research or educational institution;
- other individuals or organizations, provided that proper evidence is available.

Retraction procedure

The article retraction process includes:

- identification of a possible violation;
- preliminary review of the situation by the Editorial Office;
- investigation and receipt of explanations from the authors;
- decision-making by the Editorial Board;
- publication of an official retraction notice.

Retraction notice

The official notice must contain:

- the title of the retracted article;
- the names of the authors;
- the publication date;
- the reason for retraction;
- information about the initiator of the procedure;
- the date of retraction.

Technical implementation

After retraction:

- the article remains available in open access with the label “Retracted”;
- the article’s DOI remains active;
- information about the retraction is transmitted to scientometric databases;
- a corresponding notice is added to the journal archive.